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Volvo Trucks is currently developing trucks with internal combustion engines that can be powered by hydrogen. According to the company, road tests of trucks using hydrogen in internal combustion engines are set to begin in 2026. Market launch is planned for the end of this decade, it said.
According to the manufacturer, trucks powered by green hydrogen represent an important step for the company to achieve the goal of net-zero emissions and to support customers in achieving their decarbonization goals. Hydrogen trucks are particularly suitable for longer distances and in regions where charging infrastructure or time for battery recharging is limited.
Jan Hjelmgren, Head of Product Management and Quality, Volvo Trucks:
“Trucks that retain the traditional combustion engine but are powered by hydrogen can expect the same performance and reliability as our diesel trucks, with the added benefit of potentially very low CO2 emissions (well to wheel). They will be a valuable complement to our battery-electric trucks that have already been on the market for several years.”
Volvo Trucks intends to start customer tests of its trucks using hydrogen in combustion engines in 2026. Tests are already underway both in laboratories and in vehicles. The hydrogen-powered combustion engine trucks would complement Volvo Trucks’ range of alternative propulsion options, including battery-powered trucks, fuel cell-powered trucks, and trucks running on renewable fuels such as biogas, biodiesel and HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil).
Volvo trucks with combustion engines that would be powered by green hydrogen have the potential for net-zero CO2 emissions when renewable HVO is used as the ignition fuel, according to the manufacturer. They would be classified as "Zero Emission Vehicle" (ZEV) under the newly agreed EU CO2 emissions standards. Jan Hjelmgren:
"It is obvious that different technologies are needed for the decarbonization of heavy transport. As a global truck manufacturer, we must support our customers by offering a variety of decarbonization solutions. Customers have the option to select their drive based on the transport task, the available infrastructure, and the prices for green energy."
Volvo trucks equipped with hydrogen-powered internal combustion engines would then utilize high-pressure direct injection (HPDI). The technology enables self-ignition by injecting a small amount of ignition fuel at high pressure before adding hydrogen. The advantages of this technology include improved energy efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, and higher engine performance.
The Volvo Group has also signed an agreement to establish a joint venture for the use of HPDI technology with Westport Fuel Systems. The joint venture is expected to commence operations in the second quarter of 2024 following the official closure.
The Facts
- Hydrogen-powered Volvo trucks are expected to have a range comparable to many diesel trucks, depending on the type of transport.
- Due to low CO2 emissions from hydrogen combustion, the trucks will be classified as "zero-emission vehicles" according to newly agreed EU CO2 emission standards.
- Hydrogen combustion engines emit only very small amounts of nitrogen oxides and particulates.
- Hydrogen can also be used to power electric trucks with fuel cells, where electricity is generated on board the vehicle. Fuel cell electric trucks emit no exhaust emissions, only water vapor.
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