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UNEP Emissions Gap Report: World on 3-Degree Path - Fossil Emissions Must Decrease
If the Paris Climate Goals are not to remain a utopia, swift action must be taken - with a lot of money and even more measures: This is how the demands of the so-called Emission Gap Report of the UN Environment Program (UNEP) can be summarized, which has now been published.
According to calculations, greenhouse gases with a climate impact of 57.1 gigatons of carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide equivalents) were emitted worldwide in 2023 - a record level. Already in the previous year, a record level of emissions with an increase of 1.2 percent had been recorded for the rise from 2021 to 2022. Now, the value from 2022 to 2023 has risen by another 1.3 percent, it says. For comparison: In the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic, global greenhouse gas emissions were still rising by an average of 0.8 percent annually.
As in previous years, most emissions were generated in the energy sector, accounting for 26 percent, such as in electricity generation, followed by the transport sector with 15 percent, and agriculture and industry each with a share of 11 percent.
Annual report with sobering facts
In the annual review, published a few weeks before the World Climate Conference in the Azerbaijani capital Baku, it addresses the gap between the emissions of greenhouse gases expected in the coming years and the values needed to achieve the Paris Climate Goals. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide, play a role in the global temperature increase.
Due to global warming, there is more frequent and extreme weather in many regions, such as heat waves and droughts, storms and floods. This can render entire regions uninhabitable, destroy crops, and thus exacerbate hunger crises. Furthermore, sea levels are rising, threatening coastal regions and small island states.
Global mobilization required
The major industrialized countries, which contribute the most to the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and thus to global temperature increase, are particularly called upon. "Essentially, we would need global mobilization on an unprecedented scale and pace," demands UNEP head Inger Andersen.
According to the report, time is of the essence: To limit global warming to 1.5 degrees, the world's nations would need to commit jointly to reducing annual greenhouse gas emissions by 42 percent by 2030 and by 57 percent by 2035 compared to 2019. Currently, the pledges fall far short of this.
«Hard Work» for G20 Countries: None is on Track
To achieve these global reduction goals, the G20 countries - with the exception of the African Union - would have to undertake "hard work," said Andersen. The title of the UNEP report, "No more hot air, please" sounds double-edged and cautionary at the same time: Global warming must be stopped - and the time for pretty words is over.
The report holds the G20 countries accountable a few weeks before the UN Climate Conference in Azerbaijani Baku, urging them to take measures and invest to reduce emissions: This group is not even on track to meet the current national contribution targets, it says. Members with the highest emissions should "take the lead by drastically increasing their measures and ambitions now and in the new pledges."
Worldwide Significant Differences in Emissions: Russia Leading
According to the information, the G20 members, excluding the African Union, were responsible for 77 percent of the emissions in 2023. The inclusion of the African Union as a permanent G20 member only increases the share by five percent to 82 percent. This shows the need for differentiated responsibilities among nations.
The per capita calculations of carbon dioxide emissions for different countries and regions make the global differences clear: According to the report, the value in Russia last year was 19 tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per capita, in the USA 18 tons, in China 11 tons, and in the EU countries an average of 7.3 tons. The 55 states of the African Union, on the other hand, achieved a combined per capita value of 2.2 tons, and the 47 least developed countries only 1.5 tons.
WWF Calls for Phasing Out Fossil Fuels
"We urgently need to advance the phase-out of fossil fuels, otherwise more gigantic quantities of CO2 will enter our atmosphere and fuel global warming," said Viviane Raddatz, head of climate at WWF Germany, about the UNEP report. "Everything we don't invest now, we will have to spend later two or three times over." The findings must be reflected in global financing as well as in the German budget.
```Translated automatically from German."We need at least the promised six billion euros from Germany for climate protection worldwide, we need the promised 100 billion US dollars annually from the Global North countries by 2025, and we need to agree on a higher financing target in Baku starting in 2026," demanded Raddatz.
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