Sind die E-Auto-Zölle der EU gegen China der richtige Weg?
2 Ausgaben kostenlos
Im Probe-Abonnement erhalten Sie zwei Ausgaben unseres Fachmagazins kostenlos.
Meist gelesen
Aktueller Top Event
Branchenguide
ICCT Study: Plug-in Hybrids Have High Emissions in Winter
According to the latest decision by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWI), plug-in hybrid vehicles, which are still subsidized by the state until the end of 2022, exhibit an even worse environmental performance during winter operations than under normal conditions. This was determined by the environmental NGO International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) in a new study using the example of a BMW X1 xDrive 25e. Under ideal conditions at 23 degrees, the vehicle managed 2 g CO2/km, at 35 degrees with air conditioning it was 10 g CO2/km, and with an empty battery and otherwise identical conditions, it reached a whopping 155 and 190 g CO2/km.
The PHEVs, which are also preferred in company car taxation, are to be subsidized with up to 6,750 euros until the end of 2022. Starting January 2022, however, the models will have to meet a minimum range of 60 kilometers. From 2023 onward, the subsidy regime is to be completely revised. The coalition agreement mentioned a minimum range of 80 kilometers for PHEVs as well as a review of the actual EV mileage driven.
"In the future, hybrid vehicles should only be privileged if the vehicle is operated predominantly (more than 50 percent) in purely electric drive mode," according to the wording of the clause.
The Ministry of Economic Affairs, led by Robert Habeck (Greens), has announced a redefinition of the criteria with a stronger focus on climate protection with the extension. They only want to support vehicles that have a "demonstrably positive climate protection effect," according to the BMWI. The EU is also currently negotiating a "utility factor" that takes into account the actual use of the EV mode.
Especially poor EV usage in company fleets
Previously, the environmental auditing organization ICCT had already pointed to several studies showing that plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) exhibited a large discrepancy between actual CO2 emissions and the official type-approval values. This is primarily because the vehicles are charged less frequently than stipulated in the type-approval regulation, but also due to the use of heating and air conditioning, which are not assessed in the type approval. The Fraunhofer Institute found an EV usage of only 43 percent among private PHEV users and just 18 percent among business PHEVs.
Premium providers particularly rely on PHEVs
In a new study, scientists have now measured the impact of ambient temperature and air conditioning use on CO2 emissions, electricity consumption, and electric range using a representative PHEV model from BMW. Like premium competitors Mercedes-Benz, Audi, or Volvo, the manufacturer is also massively committed to plug-in hybrid drive and is integrating these vehicles into its electrification strategy up to 2030, promoting them as "Power of Choice." The compact SUV was also tested in various plug-in hybrid operating modes to evaluate their impact on CO2 emissions. Additionally, the study examined how the on-board fuel and energy consumption data (OBFCM) recorded by the vehicle during the test program can be used to determine the real-world use of PHEVs.
Electric range significantly reduced by air conditioning and heating
The study found that the electric energy consumed by the air conditioning compressor and cabin heater reduces the energy available for driving the vehicle and thus the range attributed to electric energy. When driving the speed profile of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTP), 46 km of electric range can be achieved at 23°C. However, at -5°C, the range almost halved to 24 km and decreased by 11% to 41 km at 35°C, the NGO concluded. When starting with a fully charged battery at 23°C and 35°C, the vehicle initially operates purely electrically until the battery is almost depleted. This results in low charge-related CO2 emissions of 2 and 10 g/km, respectively.
Combustion engine warms up the catalyst
At -5°C, however, the combustion engine is used intermittently from the beginning of the test to warm up the catalyst. Combined with the lower electric energy available for driving, this change in operating strategy results in CO2 emissions of 94 g/km at -5°C, more than 40 times higher than at 23°C. Along with a 30% increase in charge-sustaining CO2 emissions from 155 g/km to 201 g/km, the weighted, combined CO2 value at -5°C almost triples compared to 23°C, from 43 g/km to 122 g/km. At 35°C, the charge-sustaining CO2 emissions are 190 g/km, and the weighted, combined CO2 emissions are 57 g/km, which is 34% higher than at 23°C.
Charge mode: When the combustion engine charges the battery
The vehicle was also tested in the user-selectable charge-increasing PHEV mode. It turned out that primarily the combustion engine is used to charge the battery until it is full. The additional fuel consumption for battery charging increased the WLTP CO2 emissions by 60%, from 154 g/km to 246 g/km, compared to operation in charge-sustaining mode. Compared to charging the vehicle battery with energy from the EU grid, 2.5 to 2.8 times more CO2 is emitted in charge-increasing mode. Unexpectedly, the combustion engine was also used to charge the battery when the sporty vehicle and transmission mode was selected, even when the charge-increasing mode was not activated, the scientists concluded.
Translated automatically from German.
Branchenguide
Elektromobilität , Newsletter Elektromobilität , IAA Mobility , SUVs und Geländewagen , Hybrid , Antriebsarten, Kraftstoffe und Emissionen , Oberklasse- und Sportwagen , Carsharing , Autonomes Fahren (Straßenverkehr) , Ladeinfrastruktur , Verkehrspolitik , Formel E , Brennstoffzellen , Fahrzeug-Vernetzung und -Kommunikation , Fahrzeuge & Fuhrpark , Automotive-Messen & Veranstaltungen , Pkw, Kompakt- und Mittelklasse , Minis und Kleinwagen , E-Auto-Datenbank, E-Mobilität-/Automotive-Newsletter, E-Auto-Tests
