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Fraunhofer IEG BASE Battery Pass: Only with Transparency Will the Battery Be Green
Clarity and transparency for every single battery could be achieved by a digital battery passport, which documents processes and components along the entire value chain in a comprehensible manner and makes subsequent applications for batteries more efficient. The development of this so-called battery passport is now the goal of the EU project BASE over the next three years under the coordination of Fraunhofer IEG. The energy transition in road transport and the electricity sector requires batteries as energy storage. However, whether their production and recycling are considered "green" according to ecological and social standards is regularly questioned, outlines the institute the initial situation.
"A battery that wants to be green must transparently provide information about where it comes from, what it contains, and what it is still suitable for," explains Dr. Shahin Jamali from Fraunhofer IEG, coordinator of the BASE project. "The digital battery passport we are developing makes this possible."
A digital battery passport should not only store static data but also make ongoing operational data that affects the future use of the battery easily accessible. Typical entries can include the year of manufacture, material composition, disassembly or recycling instructions, operating parameters or safety instructions, but also operating hours, temperature profiles, charging cycles, or error codes during operation. BASE uses distributed ledger technology (DLT), commonly known as blockchain, as a tool for the digital battery passport. This allows users to securely, transparently, and distributedly record data and simultaneously continuously update it throughout the battery's lifecycle.
Demonstrating the concept of the digital battery passport
The BASE project will demonstrate, validate, and particularly highlight the aspects of functionality, data traceability, and value creation of the digital battery passport concept. It also develops analysis and AI techniques to estimate performance and safety indicators for batteries, indicators for the circular economy by considering the 4R aspects (Reduce, Repair, Reuse, and Recycle), as well as harmonized indicators for the impacts on Environment, Social, Governance, and Economy (ESGE) using the data in the battery passport. The digital battery passport is intended to promote the circular economy in the battery value chain.
Shahin Jamali and his team from the Competence Center "Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence" at Fraunhofer IEG are not only coordinating BASE. "We bring many years of experience in the field of innovative AI and monitoring methods for energy infrastructures." They develop and use AI-based methods for the analysis of large datasets, feature extraction, automatic pattern recognition, anomaly detection, and predictive analytics.
Four pilot cases demonstrate the practical application of the developed concept:
- Automotive: In the eCitaro electric bus by Mercedes-Benz Türkiye, the data from the battery management system is appropriately stored in the battery passport.
- Automotive: The battery passport is also intended to work for Ford Otosan's highly flexible electric vehicle platforms, which will serve as a basis for many end-customer models.
- Shipping: Electric tugs use a large number of batteries simultaneously, whose status and life expectancy are continuously monitored.
- Stationary: 2nd-life electricity storage units can still develop significant economic benefits for the power grid, which further increase through automated battery passport processes.
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