ADAC: Wallboxes are becoming cheaper - and quickly pay off
Charging an electric car at a wallbox instead of a household socket is not only safer and more comfortable, but also more efficient because there are fewer charging losses. This is the conclusion of the latest analysis by the automotive club ADAC. Moreover, the prices for good wallboxes have significantly decreased, so that the acquisition costs could be amortized after a short time. However, there are some things to consider with inexpensive wallboxes.
A few years ago, the acquisition costs were still in the upper three-digit range, which led the federal government at the time to even introduce state subsidies. Nowadays, wallboxes can be purchased in the price range between 200 and 400 euros, as a recent ADAC research in various online shops and discount stores shows. The mobility club has already tested some of these now reduced-price wallboxes in similar versions in 2021 and 2022 and found them to be good, including models from ABL, Vestel, KEBA, and Heidelberg.
Wallbox with fewer charging losses than household electricity
An inexpensive wallbox can pay off in just a few years due to significantly lower charging losses compared to charging at a household socket. Charging losses are inevitable when charging an electric car; this means that more electricity is drawn from the grid (and has to be paid for) than is actually fed into the battery. The losses occur due to the operation of control devices, but also, for example, due to heat losses. The ADAC found in an investigation that charging at a wallbox - depending on the vehicle - resulted in charging losses between 6 and 10 percent. When charging at a household socket, the losses were between 13 and 24 percent. One reason: the charging process at a wallbox with 11 kW is about four times faster than charging at a household socket with 2.3 kW. Therefore, the control devices in the vehicle are active for shorter periods and consume less electricity, which saves real money. For example: with an annual charging requirement of 2000 kWh and an electricity price of 40 cents/kWh, the costs for charging losses at 8 percent (160 kWh) at a wallbox amount to 64 euros. With a household socket with 15 percent charging loss (300 kWh), you pay 120 euros - almost double.
Safety: Household plugs not for continuous load
However, not only for cost reasons, but also for safety reasons, EV drivers should avoid regular charging at household sockets. Domestic wiring is generally not designed for high continuous loads, and it could lead to overheating or even cable fires. Important when purchasing a wallbox: Since the beginning of the year, these must be controllable according to paragraph 14a of the Energy Industry Act (EnWG) and have at least one control input or interface through which the network operator can intervene in the event of potential network overload. In case of bottlenecks, the operator may reduce the power to 4.2 kW, but cannot completely shut down the wallbox.
Basically, the charging facility must be registered with the network operator, the club notes. If it has more than 11 kW of charging power, it also requires approval. In general, only a qualified electrician is allowed to install a wallbox. Additionally important is a declaration of conformity from the manufacturer, which is either included or available for download. This ensures that the manufacturer takes responsibility that the sold product complies with applicable EU law.
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