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ADAC Mobility Index: Sustainability in Transport Not Progressing
The automobile club ADAC has presented its second mobility index and noted stagnation in sustainable transportation for Germany. According to the harsh judgment, Germany is not making any progress on the path to sustainable mobility. Although the situation noticeably improved in 2020 and 2021, thereby also improving the ADAC mobility index, this was attributed to temporarily lower traffic demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
"Structural improvements that have a lasting effect beyond the pandemic were hardly achieved," according to the analysis.
The well-founded index has been developed by ADAC together with the analysis and consulting company Prognos. This increases the pressure on politics, business, and society to accelerate the pace towards sustainable mobility. The first pandemic year caused the index to jump to 115 points, but already in the following year, a trend reversal was announced as the index fell back to 113. When the mobility index was first published for the year 2019, the index value – as in the base year 2015 – was 100.
The index represents a scientific evaluation of developments in the field of mobility. Numerous indicators are recorded and made transparent for this purpose. They consider economic, ecological, and societal aspects. The mobility index reflects this through five evaluation dimensions: traffic safety, climate and environment, availability, reliability, and affordability.
Climate and Environment: Only a Short CO2 Sink
The highest index value was shown by the evaluation dimension “Climate and Environment”. During the COVID-19 period, the burden of air pollutants was lower, causing the index to rise to 119. However, by 2021, an increase in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions was already apparent. Due to lower traffic performance and the resulting decrease in accidents, the index value for “Traffic Safety” improved to 118. However, with the recovery of road traffic, a deterioration is also foreseeable here.
The index for “Reliability” rose significantly to 113, showing how much the lower traffic performance during the COVID-19 years also reduced the number of traffic jams. The traffic peaks observed in the past year suggest that this positive development will not be lasting. The reduced offerings in air and long-distance bus transport finally led to a slight decline in the index value to 102 for “Availability”.
Energy Costs Drive Mobility Costs
The extent to which people can financially meet their mobility needs is measured in the assessment dimension “Affordability.” Here, the significantly increased energy costs in 2021 led to a noticeable increase in mobility costs. It appears that energy prices and thus the costs of mobility will settle at a comparatively high level in the future. From the perspective of the ADAC, sustainable mobility must reduce the negative impacts of traffic.
"The positive outcome of the Mobility Index during Corona was just a temporary success. The forced reduction in mobility like in the two Corona years is unsustainable and not a realistic option for permanently improving the sustainability of mobility,” judges ADAC President Gerhard Hillebrand.
The need for mobility among people remains significant. Even though some individuals are willing to voluntarily cut back, it is unrealistic to expect the entire society to do the same. It is anticipated that the index values for 2022 will almost return to the levels of 2019.
"This shows that we are stagnating in terms of sustainability and need new impulses. Here, politics, the economy, and each individual are required to contribute to improvements. The ADAC Mobility Index report highlights areas for action in all assessment dimensions," appealed Hillebrand.
Since the pandemic, mobility has been increasing again – and the sustainability of the traffic system is decreasing, Hillebrand further criticizes. For a trend reversal, more electromobility, renewable energies, better public transport with a social ticket for those affected, and safer bike paths are necessary.
"Everyone can also contribute to sustainable mobility: cover short distances on foot or by bike, form carpool groups, drive the car more economically, switch to electric vehicles, travel by train more often, subscribe to the Germany ticket. Not everything fits everyone. But if each person reduces their CO₂ for mobility by seven percent every year, we will achieve the climate target for 2030 in traffic," demands the ADAC President.
Action Recommendations: What Needs to Be Done Now
The nominal improvement in sustainability in the years 2020 and 2021 was a flash in the pan. The forced reduction in mobility did not lead to a structural improvement in sustainability. Promising strategies for greater sustainability include these action focuses and recommendations:
- Restrictions and renunciations are the wrong way to make mobility more sustainable.
- Sustainable mobility must reduce the negative impacts of traffic.
- Greenhouse gas emissions per passenger kilometer must be reduced.
- Access to sustainable mobility must be independent of income.
- Sustainable mobility must become the more attractive option to convince consumers.
- Public transport must win back existing users and become attractive to new ones.
- Progress in traffic safety, climate, and environment should not come at the expense of availability, reliability, or affordability.
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